Exposure characteristics of common chemical pollutants and health risk assessment in indoor air of barber shops and beauty salons in Liaocheng City / 环境与职业医学

Background The presence of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene in indoor air of public places has been confirmed to cause health damage. The employees of barber and beauty shops are exposed to relatively enclosed space for a long time, and could surfer more serious health risks from indoor air chemical pollutants. Objective To analyze the concentrations of common indoor air chemical pollutants in barber shops and beauty salons in Liaocheng City, and explore potential health risks of the pollutants for employees. Methods Using a stratified randomized sampling method, 8 to 10 barber shops and 5 to 10 beauty salons were selected in the main urban area of Liaocheng City to conduct monitoring of the sanitary conditions of public places in winter and summer every year from 2016 to 2021; the indoor air concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene in the selected sites were measured, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect exposure characteristics of indoor pollutants. The concentration distributions of the five chemical pollutants were obtained from the monitoring data for 6 consecutive years, and the health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was used to perform health risk assessment of inhalation exposure. Results In 2016–2021, the median indoor air concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene, toluene, and xylene in the two types of sites were lower than the limits of Hygienic Indicators and Limits for Public Places (GB 37488-2019), but the concentrations of some monitoring sites were higher than the limits. The disqualification rates of the five pollutants in the barber shops were 16.8%, 2.7%, 2.4%, 6.4%, and 12.0%, respectively. The disqualification rate of formaldehyde was the highest in all pollutants (22.0%), while the disqualification rates of ammonia, toluene, and xylene were 1.3%, 2.0%, and 2.0% in beauty salons respectively. Both formaldehyde and benzene were found to have carcinogenic risks (CR) in the two types of public places. Both median values of CR were greater than 1.0×10−6, and both maximum values were greater than 1.0×10−4. Formaldehyde had the highest non-carcinogenic risk in the indoor air of barber shops and beauty salons. The median non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQ) of formaldehyde were both greater than 1, and the maximum values were 16.72 and 12.19 times of the standard value; ammonia and toluene had the lowest non-carcinogenic risks, and their maximum values of HQ were less than 1; the median HQs of benzene and xylene were far less than 1, but their maximum risk values of barber shop were greater than 1. Conclusion For the sake of worker's health, formaldehyde and benzene should be the indoor air pollutant control priority for barber shops and beauty salons in Liaocheng; formaldehyde poses the most serious health hazard to practitioners and should be given high attention and necessary measures to reduce the hazard; benzene poses certain carcinogenic risks, with some of its highest values exceeding 10−4, which is higher than the recommended safety threshold.

Evaluation of Aids and Hepatitis-B knowledge and job satisfaction among hairdressers and barbers in Turkey

Blood-borne viruses, includingthe human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, have certain common epidemiological characteristics and these viruses infect millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to determine the job satisfaction and the level of knowledge and practices regarding infectious diseases of employees working as hairdressers and barbers.This descriptive and cross-sectional study comprised 1200 hairdressers and barbers. The study sample comprised 628 people who consented to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants who participated in the study was 28, 13 ± 6. 9 years. The mean job satisfaction score of the participants was 3.85 ± 0.58. The job satisfaction score was found to be higher among those with sufficient knowledge of hepatitis B (p < 0.005). Employees should be provided performance trainings to achieve job satisfaction. It is recommended that employees be encouraged to wear gloves and gowns to protect their health and prevent contamination.

A typical Say-Barber-Biesecker/Young-Simpson syndrome caused by heterozygous mutation of KAT6B gene / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

A patient with global developmental delay and facial abnormality treated in Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in September 2018 was diagnosed as a typical Say-Barber-Biesecker/Young-Simpson syndrome (SBBYSS)accompanied with comprehensive clinical manifestations and genetic testing was carried out.The patient carries a heterozygous synonymous mutation of KAT6B gene (NM_012330.3)c.3147G>A (p.P1049P), thus leading to the formation of a new cleavage site (receptor) and forming a new truncated protein.In Chinese, this is the second typical SBBYSS that has been identified and the first prenatal genetic diagnosis has been performed.This study has broadened the mutation spectrum of SBBYSS caused by the mutation of KAT6B gene in Chinese population.

Sanitary condition assessment of quick barber and hair care shops in one district of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To ascertain the current situation of new types of hairdressing business， to objectively evaluate the sanitary condition of quick barber and hair care shops， and to provide basis and support for relevant departments to formulate policies and management measures. Methods:A total of 12 quick barber shops and 14 hair care shops in one district of Shanghai were investigated by field survey questionnaire. Results:The quick barber shops and the hair care shops need to have public health permit. However， these new types of hairdressing business failed to follow the sanitary law and standard in many aspects. The government agencies also lack corresponding management means. Conclusion:The governments should review the rules and regulations， create the appropriate standards， and exercise accommodative and prudential regulation on these types of new business.

Analysis of statistic health care as indicators of efficiency service in Semen Padang Hospital through Barber Johnson graph

Background: The efficiency of service delivery is very important for hospitals. One measurement of service indicators that can be used is the Barber Johnson graph (GBJ). GBJ is needed to see and measure the level of service efficiency in hospitals. The indicators used are bed occupancy rate (BOR), bed turnover rate (BTR), turnover interval (TI), and length of stay (LOS). This graph can also be used to compare or view hospital developments at different times, and to increase the likelihood of changes in one variable by changing other variables. This research was conducted at Semen Padang Hospital (SPH), Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia.Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the statistical value of hospital and hospital service efficiency levels by using the Barber Johnson graphic. This research method is descriptive by direct observation of the medical record file of inpatients since the January to December 2017 period.Results: Statistical data obtained from SPH in 2018 showed the value of service days 30132, and the Number of beds 144 units. From the data processing results obtained a total bed occupancy rate 60.83%, bed turnover rate 6.86 times, turnover interval 2 days and average length of stay 3 days.Conclusions: Statistical data obtained from SPH in 2018 shows the value of BOR, TI is in an efficient, while BTR and LOS are inefficient.

The efficient of beds used based on graphic Barber Johnson at Semen Padang Hospital in 2017

Background: Quality of hospital services can be seen from the bed usage. Statistical analysis of efficiency bed usage can be mesured based on inpatient medical records. To determine the efficiency requires four parameters namely bed occupancy rate (BOR), average length of stay (ALoS), turnover interval (TI), and bed turnover (BTR). parameters can be presented using Graphic Barber Johnson. This study aims to determine the efficiency of bed usage at Semen Padang Hospital in 2017.Methods: This research was conducted at Semen Padang Hospital, West Sumatera, Indonesia from January to December 2017. The study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data was collected from medical records department. The population is all abstraction data of in-patient medical record in 2017, 9796 medical record used total sampling technique. Data analysis was performed by calculating the values of ALoS, BOR, BTR, and TI. Data will be presented based on graphic Barber Johnson. Excel 2010 and graphic Barber Johnson method were applied for data analysis.Results: Number of daily inpatient censuses in 2017 are 31227 and number of service days are 31362. Number of beds 144. Statistical analysis results obtained total BOR 60%, BTR 67 times, TI 2 days and ALoS 3 days. The highest value of bed occupancy rate is 66% on August.Conclusions: Based on statistical, value of bed occupancy rate (60%) and turnover interval (2 days) are efficient at Semen Padang Hospital in 2017. Average length of stay (3 days) and bed turnover rate (67 times) are not effici

Identifying the KAT6B Mutation via Diagnostic Exome Sequencing to Diagnose Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson Syndrome in Three Generations of a Family

Diagnostic exome sequencing (DES) is a powerful tool to analyze the pathogenic variants leading to development delay (DD) and intellectual disability (ID). Recently, heterozygous de novo mutation of the histone acetyltransferase encoding gene KAT6B has been recognized as causing a syndrome with congenital anomalies and intellectual disability, namely Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson (SBBYS) syndrome. Here we report a case of SBBYS syndrome in a third generation Korean family affected with a missense mutation in KAT6B, c.2292C>T p.(His767Tyr) identified by DES. This is the first confirmed familial inherited mutation of the KAT6B reported worldwide. Our case emphasizes again the importance of basic physical examination and taking a family history. Furthermore, advances in genetic diagnostic tools are becoming key to identifying the etiology of DD and ID. This allows a physiatrist to predict the disease's clinical evolution with relative certainty, and offer an appropriate rehabilitation plan for patients.

A trajetória de médicos e barbeiros no Rio de Janeiro da segunda metade do século XIX / The trajectory of physicians and barber-surgeons in Rio de Janeiro during the second half of the nineteenth century

O trabalho analisa aspectos do exercício dos ofícios de cura de médicos e barbeiros-sangradores no Rio de Janeiro, entre 1840 e 1889, com base em nomes e endereços encontrados no Almanaque Laemmert. Além de localizar geograficamente os espaços de atuação desses agentes na cidade, são identificados os anunciantes que se repetiram ao longo do tempo e aqueles que mudaram de endereço. O cruzamento com dados das fontes cartoriais e eclesiásticas, que indicam objetos relacionados à prática terapêutica, como sarjetas, globos para sangrar e navalhas, permite compreender melhor as mudanças na atuação desses terapeutas em contexto caracterizado pela desqualificação das artes de cura populares, a crise da escravidão e mudanças nas concepções acadêmicas sobre as doenças.

This work analyzes aspects of the healing work performed by doctors and barber- surgeons in Rio de Janeiro between 1840 and 1889, based on the names and addresses in the Laemmert Almanaque. This not only provided the geographic location of where these agents were active within the city, but also identified the advertisers who featured repeatedly and those who moved to other locations. By cross-referencing this data with notary public sources and church records, which identified objects used in therapeutic practices, such as fleams, cupping-glasses and lancets, one can to better understand the way these therapists worked in a context characterized by the disqualification of the popular arts of healing, the slavery crisis and changes in academic concepts about diseases.

Sintomas de Ler/Dort em Profissionais Cabeleireiros da Cidade de Cajazeiras, Paraíba / Symptoms of RSI in Hairdressers from the City of Cajazeiras, Paraíba

Os Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho(LER/DORT) são entendidos como uma síndrome relacionadaao trabalho, caracterizada pela ocorrência de váriossintomas, tais como a dor, parestesia, sensação de peso,fadiga, de aparecimento insidioso, geralmente nos membrossuperiores, sendo considerado um problema de saúde públicapela alta prevalência em diversas profissões. Objetivo:verificar a presença de sintomas de LER/DORT emprofissionais cabeleireiros da Cidade de Cajazeiras-PB.Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória,de campo e com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foiconstituída por 31 profissionais cabeleireiros, no período demaio e junho de 2009. O instrumento de coleta de dadosutilizado foi um questionário composto por 10 questõesobjetivas, referentes ao perfil sócio-demográfico dosparticipantes do estudo e questões referentes à presençade sintomas de LER/DORT. Resultados: Os resultadosdemonstraram 25,8% dos cabeleireiros têm de 5 a 6 anos deprofissão e apresenta carga horária diária de trabalho entre6 a 10 horas. Verificou-se que 90,3% trabalham em pédurante todo o expediente de trabalho e que 93,6% dosindivíduos afirmaram sentir dores. A localização corporal maisfrequente de relato desse sintoma foi mão e punho (28,4%).Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo mostraram que a maioriados profissionais cabeleireiros da cidade de Cajazeirasapresentou vários sintomas de LER/DORT relacionados amovimentos repetitivos e à má postura durante o trabalho...

The Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (RepetitiveStrain Injury) are understood as a work-related syndrome,characterized by the occurrence of various symptoms suchas pain, numbness, heaviness, fatigue, insidious onset,usually in the upper limbs, and it is considered to be a publichealth problem due to its high prevalence in severalprofessions. Objective: The aim of this study was to verifythe presence of RSI symptoms in hairdressers from the cityof Cajazeiras-PB. Material and methods: This is an exploratoryfield research and a quantitative approach was employed.Sample consisted of 31 hairdressers, during May and June2009. Data collection instrument was a questionnaireconsisting of 10 objective questions relating to participants’socio-demographic profile and questions about RSIsymptoms. Results: It was verified that most hairdressershad 5-6 years of experience and had daily working hoursfrom 6 to 10 hours. It was found that 90.3% worked standingthroughout the workday and that 93.6 % of subjects reportedfeeling pain. The body region most frequently reported washand and wrist (28.4%). Conclusion: The study resultsindicated that most hairdressers from the city of Cajazeirasshowed various RSI symptoms related to repetitive motionand poor posture while working...

John Banister: um cirurgião elisabetano no Brasil / John Banister: an Elizabethan surgeon in Brazil

Na história quinhentista do Brasil, são muito raras as referências aos profissionais da saúde. Na expedição de Edward Fenton, despachada pela Coroa inglesa em 1582 para fundar um entreposto comercial na Ásia, vinha o famoso cirurgião-barbeiro e físico (médico) John Banister. Desviada da sua rota original para repetir os feitos de Francis Drake, a esquadra fez escala na África, atravessou o Atlântico e ancorou no litoral catarinense. Nessas águas, a expedição degenerou em ações piráticas e retornou fracassada à Europa. John Banister é considerado aquele que libertou a anatomia inglesa da sua escravidão medieval, lançando sobre ela a luz do Renascimento. Foi a primeira vez que alguém dessa envergadura na área da saúde visitava estas latitudes.

Sepsis, armas d fuego y microscopios: implicacones de la sepsis en las revoluuciones de la medicina de los siglos xvi y xix / Sepis, firearms and microscopes: iplications of sepsis in the meddicine revolution in the xvi and xix centuries

El dogma galénico "Pus bonum et laudabile" fue el paradigma reinante en el manejo de heridas por casi dos mil años y estimuló el uso de tratamientos que favorecían la supuración, lo cual promovió una gran cantidad de muertes en los hospicios y en los campos de batalla debido a la sepsis. En el presente trabajo se analizará, desde una mirada kuhniana, el gradual proceso del derrocamiento de dicho dogma, desde el impacto que tuvo la entrada de las armas de fuego al combate en el siglo XIV y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de la cirugía de guerra, hasta el nacimiento de la era microbiológica en el siglo XIX. Se observará también la evolución de las técnicas quirúrgicas, desde el desbridamiento hasta la amputación, y cómo éstas tuvieron gran impacto para reducir la incidencia y mortalidad del shock traumático y del shock séptico. En este marco de referencia se analizará la profunda ruptura epistemológica que se dio gracias a la sepsis en el siglo XIX en el campo de la microbiología, además de los paulatinos avances desde el siglo XVI que permitieron el desarrollo de la cirugía moderna. De este modo, se verá cómo todos estos avances impulsados por la sepsis tuvieron un profundo impacto en el desarrollo de la medicina contemporánea.

The galenic dogma "Pus bonum et laudabile" was the dominant paradigm in wound management for nearly two thousand years and it encouraged the use of treatments that favored the suppuration, which promoted a large number of deaths in hospices and in the battle fields due to sepsis. In this work we will analyze, from a Kuhnian view, the gradual overthrowing process of this dogma, from the impact of the entry of firearms into combat in the fourteenth century and their implications for the development of war surgery, to the birth of the microbiological era in the nineteenth century. The evolution of surgical techniques from debridement to amputation, and how they had a great impact in reducing the incidence and traumatic shock and septic shock mortality, will also be observed. In this framework we will analyze the profound epistemological rupture that occurred due to sepsis in the field of microbiology during the nineteenth century, in addition to the gradual progress that since the sixteenth century have enabled the development of modern surgery. In this way, we will see how all these advancements motivated by sepsis had a profound impact on the development of contemporary medicine.

Recuento histórico y análisis epistemológico de la sepsis secundaria a lesiones y su control quirúrgico. Desde el papiro de Edwin Smith hasta el pus bonum et laudabile / Historical recount and epistemological analysis of the sepsis derived from wounds and its surgical control: From thepapyrus of Edwin Smith to the "pus bonum et laudabile".

La sepsis como complicación temible del trauma ha acompañado al hombre a través de la historia en especial en la antigüedad. En el presente trabajo se analiza la evolución histórica del controlquirúrgico de la sepsis desde el Antiguo Egipto hasta la Edad Media. Se describe cómo los diferentes tratamientos tuvieron una evolución paradójica: empezando desde una relativa cura apiógena de los egipcios y alejandrinos, hasta el irrefrenable deseo de ver supurar la lesión, típico en la EdadMedia. También se exponen las causas de la ambigüedad de los griegos a la hora de promover o limitar la supuración, sustentadas en el humoralismo clásico, y cómo esta concepción fue la semilla del dogma galénico “la pus es buena y laudable”, dogma que marcó la pauta del cuidado de las heridas durante más de mil años, y que fue responsable, junto con la pérdida de valiosos conocimientos quirúrgicos en el Medioevo, del establecimiento de la cauterización como tratamiento de elección para muchos tipos de lesión. Finalmente, se presentan las razones epistemológicas del fracaso del intento de derrumbar el dogma galénico durante el siglo XIII.

Sepsis, as a fearsome complication of trauma, has accompanied mankind throughout history, particularly in the Antiquity. In this article the historical evolution of surgical sepsis control and of the importance of suppuration is reviewed, from the Ancient Egypt through the Middle Ages. The evolutionof different therapeutic approaches for wounds is described, from the non-suppurative healing of the Egyptians and Alexandrians to the irrepressible desire of seeing wound suppuration that was common in the Middle Ages. The causes of the ambiguity of Greeks concerning the promotion or limitation of suppuration are presented. They were based on the classical theory of Humoralism. This conception became the framework of the Galenic dogma expressed as the “good and laudable pus”, which served as the basisfor wound care during more than one thousand years. It was responsible, together with the loss of valuablesurgical knowledge during the Middle Ages, of the establishement of cauterization as the treatment of choice for different types of lesions. The epistemological reasons for the failure to overthrow the Galenic dogma duringthe XIII Century are also discussed.

Study of Prostatic Disease and Symptom between Special Occupation Groups(Taxi Driver, Barber) / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: To compare symptoms of prostatism and their causes between two occupation groups with different working environment and position: one group of tarsi drivers working mainly in sitting position under constant stress and another group of barbers working mainly in standing position. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 405 taxi drivers and 110 barber participated in prostatic disease screening program. 93 patients with prostatic symptom were also enrolled in this study. All participants underwent IPSS self-assessment, digital rectal examination, urinary flow rate, transrectal ultrasound and prostatic cancer screening test (PSA, and if necessary, prostatic biopsy). RESULTS: IPSS were similar in taxi drivers group and patient group, whereas it was significantly lower in barbers group. Mean maximal flow rate was similar in both taxi drivers and patient groups, but significantly higher in barbers group. Incidence of abnormal voiding pattern was significantly higher in taxi drivers group compared to other groups. TRUS showed higher incidence of calcification and ejaculatory duct abnormality in taxi drivers group compared to other groups. Prostatitis and prostatodynia combined were more prevalent in taxi drivers group than in barbers groups. CONCLUSIONS: Taxi drivers working in a constrained environment of prolonged sitting exposed to a lot of stress, pelvic floor tension and abstinence of urine had more diverse voiding symptoms and greater prevalence of prostatitis and prostatodynia than barbers group.